The ProB Animator and Model Checker: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:12, 16 August 2024

ProB is an animator, constraint solver and model checker for the B-Method. The constraint-solving capabilities of ProB can be used for animation, model finding, constraint-based symbolic checking and test-case generation.

The B language is rooted in predicate logic, arithmetic and set theory and provides support for data structures such as (higher-order) relations, functions and sequences. In addition to the B language, ProB also supports Event-B, CSP-M, TLA+, and Z. ProB can be installed within Rodin. ProB can also be used as a Jupyter kernel to generate interactive notebooks.

ProB is being used within Alstom, ClearSy, Siemens, Thales and several other companies for data validation of complicated properties for safety critical systems. It was used, e.g., for Paris Line1, Sao Paulo line 4, Barcelona line 9 and many more. ProB is certified T2 SIL4 according to the Cenelec EN 50128 standard for use at Thales. In this video from the Deutsche Bahn you can see ProB animating a formal B model of the ETCS hybrid-level 3 principles in real-time, controlling two trains. Michael Leuschel and his group have won the first edition of the AlainColmerauer Prize for ProB. For commercial support contact Michael Leuschel.

Versions of ProB

Several versions of ProB are available. They all make use of the same Prolog core (see below).

A command-line tool called probcli. It is distributed with the standard download of the latest release.
The original graphical user interface ProB Tcl/Tk. It is distributed with the standard download of the latest release.
The new graphical user interface ProB2-UI based on Java FX and the ProB2-Java-API of ProB. It is available as a separate download. It contains VisB for SVG-based visualizations (as a successor to BMotionStudio).
ProB for use within Rodin, the toolset for Event-B. It is available as a plugin.
An API for using ProB from Java, called ProB2-Java-API (aka ProB2). It is available via Maven Central.
A kernel for Jupyter, allowing to use B and ProB from within Jupyter notebooks. It is available via a seperate installation procedure.

Implementation

The core of ProB is implemented in SICStus Prolog (but can be run without a SICStus Prolog license). The ProB constraint solver is implemented using co-routining and the CLP(FD) finite domain library of SICStus. An alternate constraint solver based on Kodkod (and thus SAT) is also available within ProB, as is an integration with the SMT solver Z3. An alternate model checking engine (using TLC) well-suited for lower level B specifications is available as is an integration with LTSmin as model checking backend. The ProB Licence can be found here.

News

2024-02-20 ProB 1.13.0 is available. Better Rodin theory support. Template strings. READ_JSON and other new external functions. VisB support for groups and "use" element. MCTS game play.

2023-08-10 ProB 1.12.2 is available. VisB improvements.

2023-04-04 ProB 1.12.0 is available. Call stack infos, performance improvements in parser and solver, new LTL operators, VisB improvements, reals/floats for Rodin theories.

2022-11-10 Michael Leuschel and his group win first edition of Colmerauer Prize for ProB

2021-12-29 ProB 1.11.1 is available. Identifiers between backquotes, flexible JSON trace replay, DPLLT solving, improvements to Z3 backend.

2021-10-06 ProB 1.11.0 is available. Improved support for infinite sets, operation caching, faster LTL checking for safety formulas, more compact .prob files, VisB HTML export, constructive Z3 translation.

2021-01-26 ProB2-UI 1.1.0 is available, contains VisB.

2020-12-15 ProB 1.10.0. Highlights: well-definedness prover, REAL datatype, -lint comand for VSCode and Atom, improved unsat core.

2020-02-19 ProB 1.9.3. Highlights: performance improvements, new external functions, performance monitoring.

2019-07-12 ProB 1.9.0. Highlights: Unicode support, regular expression library, memoization. New ProB2 UI.

2018-10-01 ProB 1.8.2. Highlights: Jupyter kernel, first support for Alloy models.

2017-07-11 ProB 1.7.0 Highlights: improved Latex document generation, improved XML/CSV support.

2016-10-20 ProB 1.6.1 Highlights: LET and IF-THEN-ELSE for expressions and predicates.

2016-04-22 ProB 1.6.0 highlights: directed model checking, Z3 as backend.

2014-08-18 ProB 1.4.0 is available. Highlights: CLP(FD)-based constraint solver enabled by default, integration of the TLC model checker.

2012-03-30 ProB Logic Calculator available.

Features

ProB covers a large part of B, and we are striving towards full coverage of Atelier B constructs. ProB supports B features such as non-deterministic operations, arbitrary quantification, sets, sequences, functions, lambda abstractions, set comprehensions, records, and many more. ProB does support multiple machines, refinements, and implementations. ProB can also be used for automated refinement checking and LTL model checking. It also supports CSP-M process descriptions, to be used on their own or to guide B machines for specification and property validation. The state space of the specifications can be graphically visualized. ProB supports Z specifications (ProB in this context is sometimes called ProZ) as well as TLA+ specifications. ProB can be used within Rodin and Atelier-B as a disprover and prover. ProB supports also importing, validating and visualising railML data.

Citing ProB

The initial conference publication was:

Michael Leuschel & Michael Butler (2003): ProB: A Model Checker for B. In Keijiro Araki, Stefania Gnesi & Dino Mandrioli, editors: FME 2003: Formal Methods, LNCS 2805, Springer-Verlag, pp. 855–874, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-45236-2 46.

A later journal article describes ProB in more detail:

Michael Leuschel & Michael J. Butler (2008): ProB: an automated analysis toolset for the B method. STTT 10(2), pp. 185–203. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-007-0063-9.

For convenience we also provide Bibtex entries for the above references.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 |-valign="top"
 |width="60%" style="padding-right:20px;" |
-ProB is an animator, constraint solver and model checker for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-Method B-Method] (see the [http://www.clearsy.com/en/our-specific-know-how/b-method/?lang=en B-Method site of Clearsy]). The constraint-solving capabilities of ProB can also be used for model finding, [[Constraint_Based_Checking|constraint-based symbolic checking]] and [[Test_Case_Generation|test-case generation]].
+ProB is an animator, constraint solver and model checker for the [http://www.clearsy.com/en/our-specific-know-how/b-method/?lang=en B-Method]. The constraint-solving capabilities of ProB can be used for animation, model finding, [[Constraint_Based_Checking|constraint-based symbolic checking]] and [[Test_Case_Generation|test-case generation]].
 The B language is rooted in predicate logic, arithmetic and set theory and provides support for data structures such as (higher-order) relations, functions and sequences.
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ProB can also be used as a [https://gitlab.cs.uni-duesseldorf.de/general/stups/prob2-jupyter-kernel Jupyter kernel] to generate interactive notebooks.
-ProB is being used within Siemens, Alstom, Thales and several other companies for [http://www.data-validation.fr data validation] of complicated properties for safety critical systems. It was used, e.g., for Paris Line1, Sao Paulo line 4, Barcelona line 9 and many more.
+ProB is being used within Alstom, ClearSy, Siemens, Thales and several other companies for [http://www.data-validation.fr data validation] of complicated properties for safety critical systems. It was used, e.g., for Paris Line1, Sao Paulo line 4, Barcelona line 9 and many more.
 ProB is certified T2 SIL4 according to the Cenelec EN 50128 standard for use at Thales.
 In this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6mS6akRmvA video from the Deutsche Bahn] you can see ProB animating a formal B model of the ETCS hybrid-level 3 principles in real-time, controlling two trains.
+Michael Leuschel and his group have won the  first edition of the <b>[https://prologyear.logicprogramming.org/ColmerauerPrize.html  AlainColmerauer Prize]</b> for ProB.
 For commercial support contact [http://www.stups.uni-duesseldorf.de/~leuschel/ Michael Leuschel].
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 The core of ProB is implemented in [http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/index.html SICStus Prolog] (but can be run without a SICStus Prolog license). The ProB constraint solver is implemented using co-routining and the CLP(FD) finite domain library of SICStus. An alternate [[Using_ProB_with_KODKOD | constraint solver based on Kodkod (and thus SAT)]] is also available within ProB, as is [[Using_ProB_with_Z3|an integration with the SMT solver Z3]]. An alternate [[TLC|model checking engine (using TLC)]] well-suited for lower level B specifications is available as is an integration with [https://github.com/utwente-fmt/ltsmin/releases LTSmin] as [[LTSmin|model checking backend]].
 The [[ProBLicence | ProB Licence can be found here]].
-Automatically generated test [https://www3.hhu.de/stups/internal/coverage/html/ coverage reports are also available].
-=== Features ===
-ProB covers a [[Summary of B Syntax|large part of B]], and we are striving towards full coverage of Atelier B constructs. ProB supports B features such as non-deterministic operations, arbitrary quantification, sets, sequences, functions, lambda abstractions, set comprehensions, records, and many more. ProB does support multiple machines, refinements, and implementations. ProB can also be used for automated [[Refinement Checking|refinement checking]] and [[LTL Model Checking|LTL model checking]]. It also [[CSP-M|supports CSP-M]] process descriptions, to be used on their own or to guide B machines for specification and property validation. The state space of the specifications can be [[Graphical Viewer|graphically visualized]].
-ProB supports Z specifications (ProB in this context is sometimes called [[ProZ]]) as well as [[TLA|TLA+ specifications]].
-ProB can be used within Rodin and [http://www.atelierb.eu/en/ Atelier-B as a disprover and prover].
+|width="40%" style="background:#EDF2F2;padding:15px;" | '''News'''
+'''2024-02-20'''
+[[Download|ProB 1.13.0]] is available. Better Rodin theory support. Template strings.  READ_JSON and other new external functions. VisB support for groups and "use" element. [[Monte_Carlo_Tree_Search_Game_Play|MCTS game play]].
-=== Citing ProB ===
+'''2023-08-10'''
+[[Download|ProB 1.12.2]] is available. [[VisB#VisB_DEFINITIONS_2 |VisB]] improvements.
-Initial conference publication:
+'''2023-04-04'''
-<pre>
+[[Download|ProB 1.12.0]] is available. Call stack infos, performance improvements in parser and solver,  new [[LTL_Model_Checking#Supported_Syntax |LTL]] operators, [[VisB#VisB_Additional_SVG_Objects|VisB]] improvements, reals/floats for [[Event-B_Theories|Rodin theories]].
-@inproceedings{LeuschelButler:FME03,
-   author =    {Michael Leuschel and Michael Butler},
-   title =     {Pro{B}: A Model Checker for {B}},
-   booktitle = {FME 2003: Formal Methods},
-  editor =	 {Araki, Keijiro and Gnesi, Stefania and Mandrioli, Dino},
-   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
-   series =    {LNCS 2805},
-   year =      2003,
-  pages =	 {855--874},
-   isbn = {3-540-40828-2},
-  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-540-45236-2\_46},
-}
-</pre>
-Later journal article describing ProB in more detail:
+'''2022-11-10'''
-<pre>
+Michael Leuschel and his group win [https://prologyear.logicprogramming.org/ColmerauerPrize.html  first edition of Colmerauer Prize] for ProB
-@article{DBLP:journals/sttt/LeuschelB08,
-  author    = {Michael Leuschel and
-               Michael J. Butler},
-  title     = {{ProB}: an automated analysis toolset for the {B} method},
-  journal   = {STTT},
-  volume    = {10},
-  number    = {2},
-  year      = {2008},
-  pages     = {185--203},
-  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-007-0063-9},
-  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
-}
-</pre>
-|width="40%" style="background:#EDF2F2;padding:15px;" | '''News'''
+'''2021-12-29'''
-'''29/12/2021'''
 [[Download|ProB 1.11.1]] is available. Identifiers between backquotes, flexible JSON trace replay, DPLLT solving, improvements to Z3 backend.
-'''6/10/2021'''
+'''2021-10-06'''
-[[Download|ProB 1.11.0]] is available. Improved support for infinite sets, operation caching, faster LTL checking for safety formulas, more compact .prob files, VisB HTML export, constructive Z3 translation.
+[[Download|ProB 1.11.0]] is available. Improved support for infinite sets, operation caching, faster LTL checking for safety formulas, more compact .prob files, [[VisB|VisB]] HTML export, constructive Z3 translation.
-'''26/1/2021'''
+'''2021-01-26'''
 [[Download#ProB2-UI_using_Java_FX|ProB2-UI 1.1.0]] is available, contains [[VisB|VisB]].
-'''15/12/2020'''
+'''2020-12-15'''
 [[Download|ProB 1.10.0]]. Highlights: [[Well-Definedness_Checking|well-definedness prover]], [[Summary_of_B_Syntax#Reals:|REAL datatype]], -lint comand for [[Editors_for_ProB#VSCode|VSCode]] and [[Editors_for_ProB#Atom|Atom]], improved unsat core.
-'''19/2/2020'''
+'''2020-02-19'''
-[[Download|ProB 1.9.3]]. Highlights: performance improvements, new external functions, performance monitoring, notarized for macOS.
+[[Download|ProB 1.9.3]]. Highlights: performance improvements, new external functions, performance monitoring.
-'''12/7/2019'''
+'''2019-07-12'''
 [[Download|ProB 1.9.0]]. Highlights: Unicode support, regular expression library, memoization. [[Download#ProB2_UI_using_Java_FX|New ProB2 UI]].
-'''1/10/2018'''
+'''2018-10-01'''
 [[Download|ProB 1.8.2]]. Highlights: [https://gitlab.cs.uni-duesseldorf.de/general/stups/prob2-jupyter-kernel Jupyter kernel], first [[Alloy|support for Alloy models]].
-'''11/7/2017'''
+'''2017-07-11'''
-[[Download|ProB 1.7.0]] Highlights: improved [[Generating_Documents_with_ProB_and_Latex |Latex document generation]], improved XML/CSV support, RULE DSL language.
+[[Download|ProB 1.7.0]] Highlights: improved [[Generating_Documents_with_ProB_and_Latex |Latex document generation]], improved XML/CSV support.
-'''20/10/2016'''
+'''2016-10-20'''
 [[Download|ProB 1.6.1]] Highlights:  [[Tips:_B_Idioms |LET and IF-THEN-ELSE for expressions and predicates]].
-'''22/4/2016'''
+'''2016-04-22'''
 [[Download|ProB 1.6.0]] highlights: [[Tutorial_Directed_Model_Checking|directed model checking]], [[Using_ProB_with_Z3|Z3 as backend]].
-'''18/8/2014'''
+'''2014-08-18'''
 [[DownloadPriorVersions |ProB 1.4.0]] is available. Highlights: CLP(FD)-based constraint solver enabled by default, [[TLC|integration of the TLC model checker]].
-'''4/3/2013'''
+'''2012-03-30''' [[ProB_Logic_Calculator|ProB Logic Calculator]] available.
-[[DownloadPriorVersions |ProB 1.3.6]] is available. Highlights: model checking progress bar, [[Using_ProB_with_KODKOD | improved Kodkod backend]] and use within REPL.
-'''30/03/2012''' [[ProB_Logic_Calculator|ProB Logic Calculator]] available.
 ''' '''
 [[Download#Short Release History|More in Release History]]
 |}
+=== Features ===
+ProB covers a [[Summary of B Syntax|large part of B]], and we are striving towards full coverage of Atelier B constructs. ProB supports B features such as non-deterministic operations, arbitrary quantification, sets, sequences, functions, lambda abstractions, set comprehensions, records, and many more. ProB does support multiple machines, refinements, and implementations. ProB can also be used for automated [[Refinement Checking|refinement checking]] and [[LTL Model Checking|LTL model checking]]. It also [[CSP-M|supports CSP-M]] process descriptions, to be used on their own or to guide B machines for specification and property validation. The state space of the specifications can be [[Graphical Viewer|graphically visualized]].
+ProB supports Z specifications (ProB in this context is sometimes called [[ProZ]]) as well as [[TLA|TLA+ specifications]].
+ProB can be used within Rodin and [http://www.atelierb.eu/en/ Atelier-B as a disprover and prover].
+ProB supports also importing, validating and visualising [https://www.railml.org/en/applications/detail/prob.html railML data].
+[[File:ProBAtAGlance.png| center |500px]]
+=== Citing ProB ===
+The initial conference publication was:
+* Michael Leuschel & Michael Butler (2003): ProB: A Model Checker for B. In Keijiro Araki, Stefania Gnesi & Dino Mandrioli, editors: FME 2003: Formal Methods, LNCS 2805, Springer-Verlag, pp. 855–874, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-45236-2 46.
+A later journal article describes ProB in more detail:
+* Michael Leuschel & Michael J. Butler (2008): ProB: an automated analysis toolset for the B method. STTT 10(2), pp. 185–203. Available at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-007-0063-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-007-0063-9].
+For convenience we also provide  [[Citing ProB|Bibtex entries for the above references]].
+__NOTOC__