As of version 1.8 ProB provides support to load Alloy models.
The Alloy models are translated to B machines by a Java frontend.
This work and web page is still experimental.
The work is based on a translation of the specification language Alloy to classical B. The translation allows us to load Alloy models into ProB in order to find solutions to the model's constraints. The translation is syntax-directed and closely follows the Alloy grammar. Each Alloy construct is translated into a semantically equivalent component of the B language. In addition to basic Alloy constructs, our approach supports integers and orderings.
Alloy2B is included as of version 1.8.2 of ProB.
You can build Alloy2B yourself:
module queens open util/integer sig queen { x:Int, x':Int, y:Int } { x >= 1 y >= 1 x <= #queen y <= #queen x' >=1 x' <= #queen x' = minus[plus[#queen,1],x] } fact { all q:queen, q':(queen-q) { ! q.x = q'.x ! q.y = q'.y ! plus[q.x,q.y] = plus[q'.x,q'.y] ! plus[q.x',q.y] = plus[q'.x',q'.y] }} pred show {} run show for exactly 4 queen, 5 int
This can be loaded in ProB, as shown in the following screenshot. To run the "show" command you have to use "Find Sequence..." command for "run_show" in the "Constraint-Based Checking" submenu of the "Verify" menu.
Internally the Alloy model is translated to the following B model:
MACHINE alloytranslation SETS /* deferred */ queen CONCRETE_CONSTANTS x, x_, y /* PROMOTED OPERATIONS run0 */ PROPERTIES x : queen --> INTEGER & x_ : queen --> INTEGER & y : queen --> INTEGER & !this.(this : queen => x(this) >= 1 & y(this) >= 1 & x(this) <= card(queen) & y(this) <= card(queen) & x_(this) >= 1 & x_(this) <= card(queen) & x_(this) = (card(queen) + 1) - x(this) ) & card(queen) = 4 & !(q,q_).(q_ : queen - {q} => not(x(q) = x(q_)) & not(y(q) = y(q_)) & not(x(q) + y(q) = x( q_) + y(q_)) & not(x_(q) + y(q) = x_(q_) + y(q_))) INITIALISATION skip OPERATIONS run0 = PRE card(queen) = 4 & !(q,q_).(q_ : queen - {q} => not(x(q) = x(q_)) & not(y(q) = y(q_)) & not(x(q) + y(q) = x(q_) + y(q_)) & not(x_(q) + y(q) = x_(q_) + y(q_))) THEN skip END /* DEFINITIONS PREDICATE show; */ END
module river_crossing open util/ordering[State] abstract sig Object { eats: set Object } one sig Farmer, Fox, Chicken, Grain extends Object {} fact { eats = Fox->Chicken + Chicken->Grain} sig State { near, far: set Object } fact { first.near = Object && no first.far } pred crossRiver [from, from', to, to': set Object] { one x: from | { from' = from - x - Farmer - from'.eats to' = to + x + Farmer } } fact { all s: State, s': s.next { Farmer in s.near => crossRiver [s.near, s'.near, s.far, s'.far] else crossRiver [s.far, s'.far, s.near, s'.near] } } run { last.far=Object } for exactly 8 State
This can be loaded in ProB, as shown in the following screenshot. To run the "show" command you have to use "Find Sequence..." command for "run_show" in the "Constraint-Based Checking" submenu of the "Verify" menu (after enabling Kodkod in the Preferences menu).
Internally the Alloy model is translated to the following B model:
/*@ generated */ MACHINE river_crossing SETS Object_ CONSTANTS Farmer_, Fox_, Chicken_, Grain_, eats_Object, near_State, far_State DEFINITIONS crossRiver_(from_,from__,to_,to__) == from_ <: Object_ & from__ <: Object_ & to_ <: Object_ & to__ <: Object_ & (card({x_ | {x_} <: from_ & (((from__ = (((from_ - {x_}) - {Farmer_}) - eats_Object[from__]))) & ((to__ = ((to_ \/ {x_}) \/ {Farmer_}))))}) = 1) ; next_State_(s) == {x|x=s+1 & x:State_} ; nexts_State_(s) == {x|x>s & x:State_} ; prev_State_(s) == {x|x=s-1 & x:State_} ; prevs_State_(s) == {x|x<s & x:State_} ; State_ == 0..7 PROPERTIES {Farmer_} <: Object_ & {Fox_} <: Object_ & {Chicken_} <: Object_ & {Grain_} <: Object_ & ((eats_Object = (({Fox_} * {Chicken_}) \/ ({Chicken_} * {Grain_})))) & (((near_State[{min(State_)}] = Object_) & far_State[{min(State_)}] = {})) & (!(s_, s__).({s_} <: State_ & {s__} <: next_State_(s_) => ((({Farmer_} <: near_State[{s_}]) => crossRiver_(near_State[{s_}], near_State[{s__}], far_State[{s_}], far_State[{s__}])) & (not(({Farmer_} <: near_State[{s_}])) => crossRiver_(far_State[{s_}], far_State[{s__}], near_State[{s_}], near_State[{s__}]))))) & Farmer_ /= Fox_ & Farmer_ /= Chicken_ & Farmer_ /= Grain_ & Fox_ /= Chicken_ & Fox_ /= Grain_ & Chicken_ /= Grain_ & {Farmer_} \/ {Fox_} \/ {Chicken_} \/ {Grain_} = Object_ & eats_Object : Object_ <-> Object_ & near_State : State_ <-> Object_ & far_State : State_ <-> Object_ OPERATIONS run_2 = PRE (far_State[{max(State_)}] = Object_) THEN skip END END
sig Object {} sig Vars { src,dst : Object } pred move (v, v': Vars, n: Object) { v.src+v.dst = Object n in v.src v'.src = v.src - n v'.dst = v.dst + n } assert add_preserves_inv { all v, v': Vars, n: Object | move [v,v',n] implies v'.src+v'.dst = Object } check add_preserves_inv for 3
Note that our translation does not (yet) generate an idiomatic B encoding, with move as B operation
and src+dst=Object as invariant: it generates a check operation encoding the predicate add_preserves_inv with universal quantification.
Below we shoe the B machine we have input into AtelierB. It was obtained by pretty-printing from \prob, and putting the negated guard
of theadd_preserves_inv into an assertion (so that AtelierB generates the desired proof obligation).
MACHINE alloytranslation SETS /* deferred */ Object_; Vars_ CONCRETE_CONSTANTS src_Vars, dst_Vars PROPERTIES src_Vars : Vars_ --> Object_ & dst_Vars : Vars_ --> Object_ ASSERTIONS !(v_,v__,n_).(v_ : Vars_ & v__ : Vars_ & n_ : Object_ => (src_Vars[{v_}] \/ dst_Vars[{v_}] = Object_ & v_ |-> n_ : src_Vars & src_Vars[{v__}] = src_Vars[{v_}] - {n_} & dst_Vars[{v__}] = dst_Vars[{v_}] \/ {n_} => src_Vars[{v__}] \/ dst_Vars[{v__}] = Object_) ) END
The following shows AtelierB proving the above assertion:
Logical predicates: ------------------- P and Q conjunction P or Q disjunction P implies Q implication P iff Q equivalence not P negation Alternative syntax: P && Q conjunction P || Q disjunction P => Q implication P <=> Q equivalence ! P negation Quantifiers: ------------- all DECL | P universal quantification some DECL | P existential quantification one DECL | P existential quantification with exactly one solution lone DECL | P quantification with one or zero solutions where the DECL follow the following form: x : S choose a singleton subset of S (like x : one S) x : one S choose a singleton subset of S x : S choose x to be any subset of S x : some S choose x to be any non-empty subset of S x : lone S choose x to be empty or a singleton subset of S x : Rel where Rel is a cartesian product / relation: see multiplicity declarations x in Rel x,y... : S, v,w,... : T means x:S and y : S and ... v:T and w:T and ... disjoint x,y,... : S means x : S and y : S and ... and x,y,... are all pairwise distinct Set Expressions: ---------------- univ all objects none empty set S + T set union S & T set intersection S - T set difference # S cardinality of set Set Predicates: --------------- no S set S is empty S in T R is subset of S S = T set equality S != T set inequality some S set S is not empty one S S is singleton set lone S S is empty or a singleton {x:S | P} set comprehension {DECL | P} set comprehension, DECL has same format as for quantifiers let s : S | P identifier definition Relation Expressions: ---------------------- R -> S Cartesian product R . S relational join S <: R domain restriction of relation R for unary set S R :> S range restriction of relation R for unary set S R ++ Q override of relation R by relation Q ~R relational inverse ^R transitive closure of binary relation *R reflexive and transitive closure Multiplicity Declarations: --------------------------- The following multiplicity annotations are supported for binary (sub)-relations: f in S -> T f is any relation from S to T (subset of cartesian product) f in S -> lone T f is a partial function from S to T f in S -> one T f is a total function from S to T f in S -> some T f is a total relation from S to T f in S one -> one T f is a total bijection from S to T f in S lone -> lone T f is a partial injection from S to T f in S lone -> one T f is a total injection from S to T f in S some -> lone T f is a partial surjection from S to T f in S some -> one T f is a total surjection from S to T f in S some -> T f is a surjective relation from S to T f in S some -> some T f is a total surjective relation from S to T Ordered Signatures: ------------------- A signature S can be defined to be ordered: open util/ordering [S] as s s/first first element s/last last element s/next[s2] element after s2 s/nexts[s2] all elements after s2 s/prev[s2] element before s2 s/prevs[s2] all elements before s2 Sequences: ---------- s : seq S ordered and indexed sequence s.first head element s.rest tail of the sequence s.idxOf [x] returns the first index of the occurence of x in s, returns the empty set if x does not occur in s s.insert[i,x] returns a new sequence where x is inserted at index position i Arithmetic Expressions and Predicates: -------------------------------------- You need to open util/integer: plus[X,Y] addition minus[X,Y] subtraction mul[X,Y] multiplication div[X,Y] division rem[X,Y] remainder sum[S] sum of integers of set S X < Y less X = Y integer equality X != Y integer inequality X > Y greater X =< Y less or equal X >= Y greater or equal Structuring: ------------ fact NAME { PRED } fact NAME (x1,...,xk : Set) { PRED } pred NAME { PRED } pred NAME (x1,...,xk : Set) { PRED } assert NAME { PRED } fun NAME : Type { EXPR } Commands: --------- run NAME check NAME run NAME for x global scope of less or equal x run NAME for exactly x1 but x2 S global scope of x1 but less or equal x2 S run NAME for x1 S1,...,xk Sk individual scopes for signatures S1,..,Sk run NAME for x Int specify the integer bitwidth (integer overflows might occur)