ProB 2.0 is currently experimental. This means that the implementation may change during the course of development. However, we have reached the point in development where some of the features have reached a certain level of stability. Therefore, we are writing this tutorial to explain what those features are.
The source code for ProB 2.0 is available via GitHub. Click [[1]] to view the prob2 repository. There is also a short guide available there which will help getting Eclipse set up so that you can get started with the development. Our bugtracker is available [[2]]. There you can view the features that we are currently working on and can submit new feature requests.
The ProB Groovy shell is available in the Eclipse application. To open it, select
Window > Show View > Other..
Then select
ProB > Groovy Console
and hit ok.
You can load a Classical B model into the groovy console in two ways. There is a built in load. For example:
load /home/pathToFile/example.mch
would load example.mch into the console (it will automatically save it into a variable named model_NUM, where NUM is a unique identifier). The nice thing about the load command is that it allows code completion. Code completion works the same as in a normal console. Hit <TAB> to see the code completions that are available.
If you are writing a script that you want to run in the console, you will want to use the api variable that is available. There is a method b_load that is available to load Classical B models. For example:
m = api.b_load("/home/pathToFile/example.mch")
will load example.mch into the variable m.
To load an Event B model into ProB, right click on the model and select
Start Animation / Model Checking
from the context menu that drops down.
The Trace abstraction is available to carry out animations.
There are several different ways that a new transition can be added to the current history. The most important thing to remember is that each Trace object is completely immutable. This means that when you change a trace, you are actually getting a new Trace back. This means that when you carry out an animation step, you always have to make sure that you save the Trace object that is returned.
The simplest way to add a transition is to add it via operation id. For instance, if operation 0 is among the enabled operations for the current state, then
t = t.add(0)
will add operation 0 to the current trace, create a new trace, and return it.
You can also add operations via operation name and a list of the parameters. For instance
t = t.add("new",["PID3"])
will add the transition new(PID3) to the trace.
It is also possible to execute any event by executing
t = t.anyEvent()
and it is also possible to execute any event with name "name". For instance,
t = t.anyEvent("name")
will execute any event with the name "name".
Lastly, it is also possible to execute an event by treating it as if it were a method in the Trace class. For instance,
t = t.new()
will execute the event new (by default, the first solution for "new" is chosen). It is also possible to add a predicate as a parameter to filter for a particular solution. For instance,
t = t.new("pp=PID1")
will execute new(PID1) as long as pp is the name of the parameter for new.
It also possible to move backwards and forwards within a trace.
Move backwards:
t = t.back()
Move forwards:
t = t.forward()
In order to animate a loaded model in the UI, double-click on an enabled event in the Events view. Then, the resulting trace will automatically be loaded into the different views and it can be further animated. To move backwards and forwards in the trace, use the buttons in the upper right hand corner of the Events view.
There is an easy way to switch from the UI to the groovy console and back. It all happens using the "animations" global variable in the groovy console. What is important to remember, is that in this case, there is no distinction between an animation and a trace.
In the UI, switch to the Current Animations view. Here you can view the different animations that are available. If the desired animation is not available, double click on it in this view and it will be set as the current animation. Now, to move this animation from the UI to the groovy console, simply type
x = animations.getCurrentTrace()
into the groovy console and the current animation will be loaded into the variable x.
If you have a trace saved into variable trace_0 in the groovy console, you can easily add it to the UI. Simply type
animations.addNewAnimation(trace_0)
into the groovy console and the trace will automatically be added to the list of current animations and all of the views will be updated.
It is very simple to evaluate strings in the groovy console. There is a build in eval method in both the Trace and the StateSpace. In the history, you just need to specify a string and the parser that is needed to parse the string. The two parsers currently available are ClassicalB and EventB.For instance,
t.eval("x:NAT" as EventB)
will parse "x:NAT" using the Event B parser and then will evaluate it at the current state. The following code
t.eval("x:NAT" as ClassicalB)
will parse "x:NAT" using the Classical B parser and then will evaluate it at the current state.
Classical B is actually the default parser, so it would also be sufficient to write
t.eval("x:NAT").
It is also possible to evaluate formulas on the SpaceSpace level. For instance, if space_0 is a StateSpace, you can evaluate a list of formulas by typing
space_0.eval(space_0[5],["x:NAT" as EventB,"y:NAT" as ClassicalB])
into the console. This will parse "x:NAT" with the Event B parser and "y:NAT" with the Classical B parser and then will evaluate them at the state with id 5. The parser is not implicit in the StateSpace, so it is important to specify it here. In order to evaluate a formula, you need to specify the StateId object that is associated with the desired id. To extract a StateId from a StateSpace, you can use the notation space[ID] where ID is either a String or an integer representing the StateId that you want to view.
There is a connection between all of the main abstractions. You can easily convert between them by using the as operator.
To convert between a Model and a StateSpace, use:
eventb = statespace_0 as EventBModel (if you are animating an Event B model)
or
classicalb = statespace_0 as ClassicalBModel (if you are animating ClassicalB).
The reverse translation is just as easy:
space = model as StateSpace
will return the StateSpace associated with model.
Conversion between a Trace and a StateSpace and between a Trace and Model are also simple. The following conversions are valid:
space = trace as StateSpace
trace = StateSpace as Trace
trace = model as Trace
model = trace as EventBModel or model = trace as ClassicalBModel
The only thing to mention is that every time you convert from a StateSpace or Model to a Trace, a new trace is created.
ProB currently supports a mechanism to save a trace in a script so that the same trace can be recreated. We are currently working on some improvements to this mechanism, so expect it to change over the next period of time. Currently, it is possible to save a Trace as an XML trace by typing
TraceConverter.save(trace_0,"/pathToFile/fileName.xml")
into the console. This will create the XML file fileName.xml.
If you want to load this trace back into the console, there are two options available. You can convert the XML file to a Groovy closure that will then take a Model object and return a Trace with all of the operations specified in the XML file. This can be triggered by calling the method
TraceConverter.xmlToGroovy("/pathToFile/fileName.xml","/pathToFile/groovyScript.groovy")
You can then run the produced Groovy script and execute the resulting closure to restore your Trace
run /pathToFile/groovyScript.groovy
A script script_NUM will be produced. Then enter
trace = script_NUM(modelForThisTrace)
into the console, where modelForThisTrace is the model for which the history should be executed.
Another option is to simply restore the Trace directly from the TraceConverter
trace = TraceConverter.restore(modelForThisTrace,"/pathToFile/fileName.xml")
You can use the build in run command to run a groovy script. Simply type
run pathToScript/script.groovy
into the console. Code completion is available for the run command.
It is also possible to carry out animations without using a trace object.
To get the root vertex from StateSpace space_0, type:
st = space_0.root
from there, you can execute a chain of events. For instance,
st = st.anyEvent("new").anyEvent().new("pp=PID1").new()
So you can execute anyEvent with the method anyEvent(filter), where filter can be a String name, or a List of names. You can also execute an event with name "name", with the method name(predicate), where predicate is the predicate string intended to filter the solutions for the event. If there are no parameters, the predicate "TRUE = TRUE" will automatically be added.